769 – The Lateran Council condemned the Council of Hieria and anathematized its iconoclastic rulings.
1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscard.
1395 – Tokhtamysh–Timur war: Battle of the Terek River: Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde at the Volga. The Golden Horde capital city, Sarai, is razed to the ground and Timur installs a puppet ruler on the Golden Horde throne. Tokhtamysh escapes to Lithuania.
1450 – Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English forces, ending English domination in Northern France.
1632 – Battle of Rain: Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus defeat the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War.
1638 – Tokugawa shogunate forces put down the Shimabara Rebellion when they retake Hara Castle from the rebels.
1642 – Irish Confederate Wars: A Confederate Irish militia is routed in the Battle of Kilrush when it attempts to halt the progress of a Parliamentarian army.
1715 – The Pocotaligo Massacre triggers the start of the Yamasee War in colonial South Carolina.
1738 – Serse, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel receives its premiere performance in London, England.
1755 – Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language is published in London.
1783 – Preliminary articles of peace ending the American Revolutionary War (or American War of Independence) are ratified.
1802 – William Wordsworth and his sister, Dorothy see a "long belt" of daffodils, inspiring the former to pen I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.
1817 – Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc founded the American School for the Deaf, the first American school for deaf students, in Hartford, Connecticut.
1861 – President Abraham Lincoln calls for 75,000 Volunteers to quell the insurrection that soon became the American Civil War
1865 – Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by actor John Wilkes Booth.
1892 – The General Electric Company is formed.
RMS Titanic disaster.
1896 – Closing ceremony of the Games of the I Olympiad in Athens, Greece.
1900 – Philippine–American War: Filipino guerrillas launch a surprise attack on U.S. infantry and begin a four-day siege of Catubig, Philippines.
1912 – The British passenger liner RMS Titanic sinks in the North Atlantic at 2:20 a.m., two hours and forty minutes after hitting an iceberg. Only 710 of 2,227 passengers and crew on board survive.
1920 – Two security guards are murdered during a robbery in South Braintree, Massachusetts. Anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti would be convicted of and executed for the crime, amid much controversy.
1921 – Black Friday: mine owners announce more wage and price cuts, leading to the threat of a strike all across England.
1922 – U.S. Senator John B. Kendrick of Wyoming introduces a resolution calling for an investigation of secret land deal, which leads to the discovery of the Teapot Dome scandal.
1923 – Insulin becomes generally available for use by people with diabetes.
1924 – Rand McNally publishes its first road atlas.
1927 – The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the most destructive river flood in U.S. history, begins.
1935 – Roerich Pact signed in Washington, D.C.
1936 – First day of the Arab revolt in Mandatory Palestine.
1936 – Aer Lingus (Aer Loingeas) is founded by the Irish government as the national airline of the Republic of Ireland.
1940 – The Allies begin their attack on the Norwegian town of Narvik which is occupied by Nazi Germany.
1941 – In the Belfast Blitz, two-hundred bombers of the German Luftwaffe attack Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom killing one thousand people.
1942 – The George Cross is awarded to "to the island fortress of Malta – its people and defenders" by King George VI.
1945 – The Bergen-Belsen concentration camp is liberated.
1947 – Jackie Robinson debuts for the Brooklyn Dodgers, breaking baseball's color line.
1952 – The maiden flight of the B-52 Stratofortress
1955 – McDonald's restaurant dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois
1957 – White Rock, British Columbia officially separates from Surrey, British Columbia and is incorporated as a new city.
1960 – At Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina, Ella Baker leads a conference that results in the creation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, one of the principal organizations of the African-American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.
1965 – The first Ford Mustang rolls off the show room floor, two days before it is set to go on sale nationwide.
1969 – The EC-121 shootdown incident: North Korea shoots down a United States Navy aircraft over the Sea of Japan, killing all 31 on board.
1970 – During the Cambodian Civil War, massacres of the Vietnamese minority results in 800 bodies flowing down the Mekong River into South Vietnam.
1984 – The inaugural World Youth Day is held in St. Peter's Square, Vatican City.
1986 – The United States launches Operation El Dorado Canyon, its bombing raids against Libyan targets in response to a bombing in West Germany that killed two U.S. servicemen.
1989 – Hillsborough disaster: A human crush occurs at Hillsborough Stadium, home of Sheffield Wednesday, in the FA Cup Semi-final, resulting in the deaths of 96 Liverpool fans.
1989 – Upon Hu Yaobang's death, the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 begin in the People's Republic of China.
2013 – Two bombs explode near the finish line at the Boston Marathon in Boston, Massachusetts, killing 3 people and injuring 264 others.
***
Births
1367 – Henry IV of England (d. 1413)
1452 – Leonardo da Vinci, Italian painter, sculptor, and architect (d. 1519)
1552 – Pietro Cataldi, Italian mathematician (d. 1626)
1588 – Claudius Salmasius, French scholar (d. 1653)
1641 – Robert Sibbald, Scottish physician (d. 1722)
1642 – Suleiman II, Ottoman sultan (d. 1691)
1646 – Christian V of Denmark (d. 1699)
1646 – Pierre Poiret, French mystic and philosopher (d. 1719)
1684 – Catherine I of Russia (d. 1727)
1688 – Johann Friedrich Fasch, German violinist and composer (d. 1758)
1707 – Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1783)
1710 – William Cullen, Scottish physician and chemist (d. 1790)
1721 – Prince William, Duke of Cumberland (d. 1765)
1741 – Charles Willson Peale, American painter and soldier (d. 1827)
1771 – Nicolas Chopin, French educator (d. 1844)
1772 – Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, French biologist (d. 1844)
1793 – Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve, German astronomer (d. 1864)
1800 – James Clark Ross, English navy officer and explorer (d. 1862)
1809 – Hermann Grassmann, German linguist and mathematician (d. 1877)
1828 – Jean Danjou, French captain (d. 1863)
1832 – Wilhelm Busch, German poet, painter, and illustrator (d. 1908)
1841 – Joseph E. Seagram, Canadian businessman and politician, founded the Seagram Company Ltd (d. 1919)
1843 – Henry James, American-English author (d. 1916)
1851 – Ponnambalam Ramanathan, Ceylon Tamil statesman (d. 1930)
1856 – Jean Moréas, Greek poet (d. 1910)
1858 – Émile Durkheim, French sociologist (d. 1917)
1861 – Bliss Carman, Canadian-American poet (d. 1929)
1874 – George Harrison Shull, American geneticist (d. 1954)
1874 – Johannes Stark, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1957)
1875 – James J. Jeffries, American boxer (d. 1953)
1878 – Robert Walser, Swiss author (d. 1956)
1879 – Melville Henry Cane, American lawyer and poet (d. 1980)
1883 – Stanley Bruce, Australian politician, 8th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1967)
1885 – Tadeusz Kutrzeba, Polish general (d. 1947)
1886 – Nikolay Gumilev, Russian poet and critic (d. 1921)
1888 – Maximilian Kronberger, German poet (d. 1904)
1889 – Thomas Hart Benton, American painter (d. 1975)
1889 – A. Philip Randolph, American activist (d. 1979)
1890 – Percy Shaw, English inventor, cat's eye (d. 1976)
1892 – Theo Osterkamp, German pilot (d. 1975)
1892 – Corrie ten Boom, Dutch-American author and Holocaust survivor (d. 1983)
1894 – Nikita Khrushchev, Soviet politician, 7th Premier of the Soviet Union (d. 1971)
1894 – Bessie Smith, American singer and actress (d. 1937)
1895 – Clark McConachy, New Zealand snooker player (d. 1980)
1896 – Nikolay Semyonov, Russian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
1901 – Joe Davis, English snooker player (d. 1978)
1901 – René Pleven, French politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1993)
1902 – Fernando Pessa, Portuguese journalist (d. 2002)
1904 – Arshile Gorky, Armenian-American painter (d. 1948)
1907 – Nikolaas Tinbergen, Dutch ethologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
1908 – Eden Ahbez, American singer-songwriter (d. 1995)
1908 – Lita Grey, American actress (d. 1995)
1910 – Miguel Najdorf, Polish-Argentinian chess player (d. 1997)
1912 – Kim Il-sung, North Korean politician, Eternal President of North Korea (d. 1994)
1916 – Alfred S. Bloomingdale, American businessman (d. 1982)
1916 – Helene Hanff, American author and screenwriter (d. 1997)
1917 – Hans Conried, American actor (d. 1982)
1917 – James Kee, American politician (d. 1989)
1919 – Alberto Breccia, Uruguayan-Argentinian illustrator and writer (d. 1993)
1920 – Thomas Szasz, Hungarian-American psychiatrist and academic (d. 2012)
1920 – Richard von Weizsäcker, German politician, 6th President of Germany
1920 – Godfrey Stafford, British physicist (d. 2013)
1921 – Georgy Beregovoy, Ukrainian-Russian general, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1995)
1921 – Angelo DiGeorge, American physician (d. 2009)
1922 – Michael Ansara, Syrian-American actor (d. 2013)
1922 – Hasrat Jaipuri, Indian poet and songwriter (d. 1999)
1922 – Joyce Jacobs, English-Australian actress (d. 2013)
1922 – Harold Washington, American lawyer and politician, 51st Mayor of Chicago (d. 1987)
1923 – Artur Alliksaar, Estonian poet (d. 1966)
1923 – Robert DePugh, American activist, founded the Minutemen Organization (d. 2009)
1923 – Douglas Wass, British civil servant
1924 – M. Canagaratnam, Sri Lankan politician (d. 1980)
1924 – Neville Marriner, English violinist and conductor
1925 – George Shuffler, American guitarist (The Bailey Brothers and the Happy Valley Boys) (d. 2014)
1926 – Maurice Shock, British university administrator
1927 – Robert Mills, American physicist (d. 1999)
1929 – Gérald Beaudoin, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 2008)
1929 – Adrian Cadbury, British businessman
1930 – Georges Descrières, French actor (d. 2013)
1930 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, Icelandic politician, 4th President of Iceland
1931 – Tomas Tranströmer, Swedish poet and psychologist, Nobel Prize laureate
1931 – Kenneth Bloomfield, Head of the Northern Ireland civil service
1932 – Suresh Bhat, Indian poet (d. 2003)
1933 – Roy Clark, American singer and actor
1933 – David Hamilton, English-French photographer and director
1933 – Elizabeth Montgomery, American actress (d. 1995)
1933 – Jim Towers, English footballer (d. 2010)
1935 – Stavros Paravas, Greek actor (d. 2008)
1936 – Raymond Poulidor, French cyclist
1937 – Bob Luman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1978)
1938 – Claudia Cardinale, Tunisian-Italian actress
1938 – Hso Khan Pha, Burmese-Canadian geologist and politician
1939 – Marty Wilde, English singer-songwriter and actor
1940 – Jeffrey Archer, English author and politician
1940 – Willie Davis, American baseball player and actor (d. 2010)
1940 – Woodie Fryman, American baseball player (d. 2011)
1940 – Robert Lacroix, Canadian educator
1940 – Yossef Romano, Libyan-Israeli weightlifter (d. 1972)
1940 – Sean Caffrey, Irish actor (d. 2013)
1940 – Robert Walker, Jr., American actor
1941 – Howard Berman, American lawyer and politician
1942 – Francis X. DiLorenzo, American bishop
1942 – Walt Hazzard, American basketball player and coach (d. 2011)
1942 – Kenneth Lay, American businessman (d. 2006)
1942 – Tim Lankester, British educational administrator
1943 – Robert Lefkowitz, American physician, Nobel Prize laureate
1943 – Hugh Thompson, Jr., American soldier (d. 2006)
1943 – Veronica Linklater, Baroness Linklater, British politician
1944 – Dzhokhar Dudayev, Russian-Chechen general and politician, 1st President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (d. 1996)
1944 – Dave Edmunds, Welsh singer, guitarist, and producer (Love Sculpture and Rockpile)
1946 – Pete Rouse, American political consultant, White House Chief of Staff
1946 – Michael Tucci, American actor
1947 – Linda Bloodworth-Thomason, American screenwriter and producer
1947 – Lois Chiles, American model and actress
1947 – Cristina Husmark Pehrsson, Swedish nurse and politician
1947 – Woolly Wolstenholme, English singer and keyboard player (Barclay James Harvest)
1947 – David Omand, British civil servant
1947 – Martin Broughton, British businessman
1948 – Michael Kamen, American composer (d. 2003)
1949 – Alla Pugacheva, Russian singer-songwriter and actress
1949 – Craig Zadan, American director, producer, and screenwriter
1950 – Josiane Balasko, French actress, director, and screenwriter
1950 – Amy Wright, American actress
1951 – Heloise, American journalist and author
1951 – John L. Phillips, American captain and astronaut
1952 – Bengt Gingsjö, Swedish swimmer
1952 – Kym Gyngell, Australian actor
1952 – Sam McMurray, American actor
1952 – Brian Muir, English sculptor and set designer
1952 – Avital Ronell, American philosopher
1952 – Glenn Shadix, American actor (d. 2010)
1954 – Seka, American porn actress
1955 – Dodi Fayed, Egyptian film producer (d. 1997)
1955 – Mark Damazer, British broadcaster
1956 – Michael Cooper, American basketball player and coach
1957 – Evelyn Ashford, American runner
1958 – Keith Acton, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1958 – Noni Ioannidou, Greek model and actress
1958 – Memos Ioannou, Greek basketball player and coach
1958 – Benjamin Zephaniah, English actor, singer, and author
1959 – Fruit Chan, Chinese director, producer, and screenwriter
1959 – Kevin Lowe, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager
1959 – Emma Thompson, English actress and screenwriter
1959 – Thomas F. Wilson, American actor
1960 – Pierre Aubry, Canadian ice hockey player
1960 – Susanne Bier, Danish director and screenwriter
1960 – Pedro Delgado, Spanish cyclist
1960 – Tony Jones, English snooker player
1960 – Philippe, King of the Belgians
1962 – Surjit Bindrakhia, Indian singer (d. 2003)
1962 – Nawal El Moutawakel, Moroccan hurdler
1962 – Tom Kane, American voice actor
1963 – Bobby Pepper, American journalist
1965 – Linda Perry, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (4 Non Blondes)
1966 – Samantha Fox, English singer and actress
1966 – Mott Green, American businessman, founded the Grenada Chocolate Company (d. 2013)
1967 – Frankie Poullain, Scottish bass player and songwriter (The Darkness)
1967 – Dara Torres, American swimmer
1968 – Ed O'Brien, English guitarist and songwriter (Radiohead)
1968 – Stacey Williams, American model and actress
1968 – Ben Clarke, English rugby player
1969 – Jeromy Burnitz, American baseball player
1969 – Kaisa Roose, Estonian conductor
1969 – Jimmy Waite, Canadian-German ice hockey player
1970 – Flex Alexander, American actor
1970 – Chris Huffins, American decathlete
1971 – Kate Harbour, English voice actress
1971 – Katy Hill, English television host
1971 – Meelis Loit, Estonian fencer
1971 – Jason Sehorn, American football player
1972 – Arturo Gatti, Italian-Canadian boxer (d. 2009)
1972 – Lou Romano, American animator and voice actor
1974 – Mike Quinn, American football player
1974 – Keith Malley, American comedian and actor
1974 – Kim Min-kyo, South Korean actor and director
1974 – Danny Pino, American actor
1974 – Douglas Spain, American actor, director, and producer
1974 – Tim Thomas, American ice hockey player
1974 – Gry Bay, Danish actress and singer
1975 – Paul Dana, American race car driver (d. 2006)
1975 – Philip Labonte, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (All That Remains and Shadows Fall)
1976 – Jason Bonsignore, Canadian ice hockey player
1976 – Darius Regelskis, Lithuanian football player
1976 – Kęstutis Šeštokas, Lithuanian basketball player
1976 – Susan Ward, American actress
1976 – Steve Williams, British rower
1977 – Brian Pothier, American ice hockey player
1977 – Sudarshan Pattnaik, Indian sculptor
1978 – Austin Aries, American wrestler
1978 – Milton Bradley, American baseball player
1978 – Tim Corcoran, American baseball player
1978 – Luis Fonsi, Puerto Rican-American singer-songwriter
1980 – Patrick Carney, American drummer (The Black Keys and Drummer)
1980 – James Foster, English cricketer
1980 – Michelle L'amour, American dancer
1980 – Raül López, Spanish basketball player
1980 – Willie Mason, Australian rugby player
1980 – Aida Mollenkamp, American chef and author
1980 – Víctor Núñez, Costa Rican footballer
1980 – Fränk Schleck, Luxembourger cyclist
1980 – Billy Yates, American football player
1981 – Andrés D'Alessandro, Argentinian footballer
1982 – Michael Aubrey, American baseball player
1982 – Anthony Green, American singer-songwriter (Circa Survive, The Sound of Animals Fighting, Saosin, High and Driving, and Zolof the Rock & Roll Destroyer)
1982 – Albert Riera, Spanish footballer
1982 – Seth Rogen, Canadian-American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1983 – Blu, American rapper and producer (All City Chess Club)
1983 – Alice Braga, Brazilian actress
1983 – Matt Cardle, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Seven Summers and Darwyn)
1983 – Dudu Cearense, Brazilian footballer
1983 – Ilya Kovalchuk, Russian ice hockey player
1983 – Bronson La'Cassie, Australian golfer
1983 – Martin Pedersen, Danish cyclist
1983 – Anthony Sedlak, Canadian chef (d. 2012)
1984 – Cam Janssen, American ice hockey player
1984 – Ben Kasica, American guitarist and producer (Skillet)
1984 – Daniel Paille, Canadian hockey player
1985 – Chris Cates, American baseball player
1985 – John Danks, American baseball player
1985 – Ryan Hamilton, Canadian ice hockey player
1985 – Aaron Laffey, American baseball player
1985 – Amy Ried, American porn actress
1985 – Diana Zubiri, Filipino actress
1986 – Tom Heaton, English footballer
1986 – Sylvain Marveaux, French footballer
1986 – Quincy Owusu-Abeyie, Ghanaian footballer
1987 – Iyaz, Virgin Islander singer-songwriter
1987 – Sapphire Elia, English actress and singer
1988 – Thomas Albanese, Italian footballer
1988 – Yann David, French rugby player
1988 – Eliza Doolittle, English singer-songwriter
1988 – Beate Schrott, Austrian hurdler
1988 – Manami Numakura, Japanese voice actress
1989 – Andre Kinney, American actor
1990 – Lily Carter, American pornographic actress
1990 – Emma Watson, British actress
1991 – Daiki Arioka, Japanese actor and singer (Hey! Say! JUMP)
1992 – Amy Diamond, Swedish singer and actress
1992 – Kimberly Dos Ramos, Venezuelan actress and singer
1992 – John Guidetti, Swedish footballer
1992 – Richard Sandrak, Ukrainian-American bodybuilder, martial artist, and actor
1993 – Madeleine Martin, American actress
1997 – Maisie Williams, English actress
***
Deaths
628 – Suiko, empress of Japan (b. 554)
1053 – Godwin, Earl of Wessex (b. 1001)
1220 – Adolf of Altena, German archbishop (b. 1157)
1415 – Manuel Chrysoloras, Greek educator (b. 1355)
1446 – Filippo Brunelleschi, Italian sculptor and architect (b. 1377)
1558 – Roxelana, Polish wife of Suleiman the Magnificent (b. 1500)
1610 – Robert Persons, English priest (b. 1546)
1632 – George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, English politician (b. 1580)
1641 – Domenico Zampieri, Italian painter (b. 1581)
1652 – Patriarch Joseph, Russian patriarch
1659 – Simon Dach, German poet (b. 1605)
1704 – Johannes Hudde, Dutch mathematician (b. 1628)
1719 – Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon, French wife of Louis XIV of France (b. 1635)
1754 – Jacopo Riccati, Italian mathematician (b. 1676)
1761 – Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll, Scottish lawyer and politician (b. 1682)
1761 – William Oldys, English historian and author (b. 1696)
1764 – Madame de Pompadour, French mistress of Louis XV of France (b. 1721)
1764 – Peder Horrebow, Danish astronomer (b. 1679)
1765 – Mikhail Lomonosov, Russian chemist and physicist (b. 1711)
1788 – Giuseppe Bonno, Austrian composer (b. 1711)
1793 – Ignacije Szentmartony, Croatian priest, mathematician, and astronomer (b. 1718)
1854 – Arthur Aikin, English chemist and mineralogist (b. 1773)
1861 – Sylvester Jordan, Austrian-German lawyer and politician (b. 1792)
1865 – Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States, assassinated by John Wilkes Booth (b. 1809)
1888 – Matthew Arnold, English poet and critic (b. 1822)
1889 – Father Damien, Belgian priest (b. 1840)
1898 – Te Keepa Te Rangihiwinui, New Zealand commander
1912 – Victims of the RMS Titanic disaster
Thomas Andrews, Irish businessman and shipbuilder (b. 1873)
John Jacob Astor IV, American colonel, businessman, and author (b. 1864)
Jacques Futrelle, American journalist and author (b. 1875)
Benjamin Guggenheim American businessman (b. 1865)
Wallace Hartley, English violinist and bandleader (b. 1878)
James Paul Moody, English sixth officer (b. 1887)
William McMaster Murdoch, Scottish sailor and first officer (b. 1873)
Jack Phillips, English telegraphist (b. 1887)
Edward Smith, English captain (b. 1850)
William Thomas Stead English journalist (b. 1849)
Ida Straus, German-American businesswoman (b. 1849)
Isidor Straus, German-American businessman and politician (b. 1845)
John Thayer, American cricketer (b. 1862)
Henry Tingle Wilde, English chief officer (b. 1872)
1917 – János Murkovics, Slovene educator and author (b. 1839)
1927 – Gaston Leroux, French journalist and author (b. 1868)
1938 – César Vallejo, Peruvian journalist, poet, and playwright (b. 1892)
1942 – Robert Musil, Austrian author (b. 1880)
1943 – Aristarkh Lentulov, Russian painter and set designer (b. 1882)
1944 – Nikolai Fyodorovich Vatutin, Russian general (b. 1901)
1945 – Hermann Florstedt, German commander (b. 1895)
1948 – Radola Gajda, Montenegrin-Czech general and politician (b. 1892)
1949 – Wallace Beery, American actor (b. 1885)
1957 – Pedro Infante, Mexican actor and singer (b. 1917)
1962 – Clara Blandick, American actress (b. 1880)
1962 – Arsenio Lacson, Filipino journalist and politician, Mayor of Manila (b. 1911)
1963 – Edward Greeves, Jr., Australian footballer (b. 1903)
1967 – Totò, Italian actor, singer, and screenwriter (b. 1898)
1969 – Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg (b. 1887)
1970 – Ripper Collins, American baseball player (b. 1904)
1971 – Gurgen Boryan, Armenian poet and playwright (b. 1915)
1971 – Dan Reeves, American businessman (b. 1912)
1971 – Friedebert Tuglas, Estonian writer (b. 1886)
1974 – Giovanni D'Anzi, Italian songwriter (b. 1906)
1975 – Richard Conte, American actor (b. 1910)
1980 – Raymond Bailey, American actor (b. 1904)
1980 – Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher and author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
1982 – Arthur Lowe, English actor (b. 1915)
1983 – John Engstead, American photographer (b. 1909)
1983 – Corrie ten Boom, Dutch-American author and holocaust survivor (b. 1892)
1984 – Tommy Cooper, Welsh comedian and magician (b. 1921)
1984 – Alexander Trocchi, Scottish author (b. 1925)
1986 – Jean Genet, French author and playwright (b. 1910)
1988 – Kenneth Williams, English actor (b. 1926)
1989 – Nesuhi Ertegun, Turkish-American record producer (b. 1917)
1989 – Charles Vanel, French actor and director (b. 1892)
1989 – Hu Yaobang, Chinese politician (b. 1915)
1990 – Greta Garbo, Swedish-American actress (b. 1905)
1992 – Otis Barton, American diver and actor (b. 1899)
1993 – Leslie Charteris, Singaporean-English author and screenwriter (b. 1907)
1993 – John Tuzo Wilson, Canadian geologist (b. 1908)
1994 – John Curry, English figure skater (b. 1949)
1995 – Harry Shoulberg, American painter (b. 1903)
1998 – Pol Pot, Cambodian politician, 29th Prime Minister of Cambodia (b. 1925)
1999 – Harvey Postlethwaite, English engineer (b. 1944)
2000 – Edward Gorey, American poet and illustrator (b. 1925)
2001 – Joey Ramone, American singer-songwriter (Ramones and Sniper) (b. 1951)
2002 – Damon Knight, American author and critic (b. 1922)
2002 – Byron White, American football player, lawyer, and jurist, 4th United States Deputy Attorney General (b. 1917)
2003 – Reg Bundy, English actor and dancer (b. 1941)
2003 – Erin Fleming, Canadian-American actress (b. 1941)
2004 – Ray Condo, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1950)
2004 – Mitsuteru Yokoyama, Japanese illustrator (b. 1934)
2005 – Margaretta Scott, English actress (b. 1912)
2007 – Brant Parker, American illustrator (b. 1920)
2008 – Sean Costello, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1979)
2008 – Benoît Lamy, Belgian screenwriter and director (b. 1945)
2008 – Krister Stendahl, Swedish bishop, theologian, and scholar (b. 1921)
2009 – Ed Blake, American baseball player (b. 1925)
2009 – Clement Freud, German-English journalist and politician (b. 1924)
2009 – László Tisza, Hungarian-American physicist and educator (b. 1907)
2010 – Jack Herer, American author and activist (b. 1939)
2010 – Michael Pataki, American Actor (b. 1938)
2011 – Vittorio Arrigoni, Italian journalist, author, and activist (b. 1975)
2012 – Paul Bogart, American director and producer (b. 1919)
2012 – Yasushi Mieno, Japanese banker (b. 1924)
2012 – Bob Perani, Italian-American ice hockey player (b. 1942)
2012 – Murray Rose, English-Australian swimmer and actor (b. 1939)
2012 – Rich Saul, American football player (b. 1948)
2012 – Dwayne Schintzius, American basketball player (b. 1968)
2012 – James Shaner, American politician (b. 1936)
2012 – Bob Wright, American basketball player and coach (b. 1926)
2012 – Tadashi Yamamoto, Japanese businessman (b. 1936)
2013 – Sal Castro, American educator and activist (b. 1933)
2013 – Benny Frankie Cerezo, Puerto Rican-American lawyer and politician (b. 1943)
2013 – Richard Collins, Canadian actor (b. 1947)
2013 – Danny Dahill, American lawyer and politician (b. 1919)
2013 – Benjamin Fain, Ukrainian-Israeli physicist (b. 1930)
2013 – Joe Francis, American football player and coach (b. 1936)
2013 – Richard LeParmentier, American-English actor and screenwriter (b. 1946)
2013 – Dave McArtney, New Zealand singer-songwriter and guitarist (Hello Sailor) (b. 1951)
2013 – Scott Miller, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Game Theory and The Loud Family) (b. 1960)
2013 – Jean-François Paillard, French conductor (b. 1928)
2013 – Robert Perloff, American psychologist and academic (b. 1921)
2013 – Cleyde Yáconis, Brazilian actress (b. 1923)
1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscard.
1395 – Tokhtamysh–Timur war: Battle of the Terek River: Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde at the Volga. The Golden Horde capital city, Sarai, is razed to the ground and Timur installs a puppet ruler on the Golden Horde throne. Tokhtamysh escapes to Lithuania.
1450 – Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English forces, ending English domination in Northern France.
1632 – Battle of Rain: Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus defeat the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War.
1638 – Tokugawa shogunate forces put down the Shimabara Rebellion when they retake Hara Castle from the rebels.
1642 – Irish Confederate Wars: A Confederate Irish militia is routed in the Battle of Kilrush when it attempts to halt the progress of a Parliamentarian army.
1715 – The Pocotaligo Massacre triggers the start of the Yamasee War in colonial South Carolina.
1738 – Serse, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel receives its premiere performance in London, England.
1755 – Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language is published in London.
1783 – Preliminary articles of peace ending the American Revolutionary War (or American War of Independence) are ratified.
1802 – William Wordsworth and his sister, Dorothy see a "long belt" of daffodils, inspiring the former to pen I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.
1817 – Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc founded the American School for the Deaf, the first American school for deaf students, in Hartford, Connecticut.
1861 – President Abraham Lincoln calls for 75,000 Volunteers to quell the insurrection that soon became the American Civil War
1865 – Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by actor John Wilkes Booth.
1892 – The General Electric Company is formed.
RMS Titanic disaster.
1896 – Closing ceremony of the Games of the I Olympiad in Athens, Greece.
1900 – Philippine–American War: Filipino guerrillas launch a surprise attack on U.S. infantry and begin a four-day siege of Catubig, Philippines.
1912 – The British passenger liner RMS Titanic sinks in the North Atlantic at 2:20 a.m., two hours and forty minutes after hitting an iceberg. Only 710 of 2,227 passengers and crew on board survive.
1920 – Two security guards are murdered during a robbery in South Braintree, Massachusetts. Anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti would be convicted of and executed for the crime, amid much controversy.
1921 – Black Friday: mine owners announce more wage and price cuts, leading to the threat of a strike all across England.
1922 – U.S. Senator John B. Kendrick of Wyoming introduces a resolution calling for an investigation of secret land deal, which leads to the discovery of the Teapot Dome scandal.
1923 – Insulin becomes generally available for use by people with diabetes.
1924 – Rand McNally publishes its first road atlas.
1927 – The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the most destructive river flood in U.S. history, begins.
1935 – Roerich Pact signed in Washington, D.C.
1936 – First day of the Arab revolt in Mandatory Palestine.
1936 – Aer Lingus (Aer Loingeas) is founded by the Irish government as the national airline of the Republic of Ireland.
1940 – The Allies begin their attack on the Norwegian town of Narvik which is occupied by Nazi Germany.
1941 – In the Belfast Blitz, two-hundred bombers of the German Luftwaffe attack Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom killing one thousand people.
1942 – The George Cross is awarded to "to the island fortress of Malta – its people and defenders" by King George VI.
1945 – The Bergen-Belsen concentration camp is liberated.
1947 – Jackie Robinson debuts for the Brooklyn Dodgers, breaking baseball's color line.
1952 – The maiden flight of the B-52 Stratofortress
1955 – McDonald's restaurant dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois
1957 – White Rock, British Columbia officially separates from Surrey, British Columbia and is incorporated as a new city.
1960 – At Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina, Ella Baker leads a conference that results in the creation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, one of the principal organizations of the African-American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.
1965 – The first Ford Mustang rolls off the show room floor, two days before it is set to go on sale nationwide.
1969 – The EC-121 shootdown incident: North Korea shoots down a United States Navy aircraft over the Sea of Japan, killing all 31 on board.
1970 – During the Cambodian Civil War, massacres of the Vietnamese minority results in 800 bodies flowing down the Mekong River into South Vietnam.
1984 – The inaugural World Youth Day is held in St. Peter's Square, Vatican City.
1986 – The United States launches Operation El Dorado Canyon, its bombing raids against Libyan targets in response to a bombing in West Germany that killed two U.S. servicemen.
1989 – Hillsborough disaster: A human crush occurs at Hillsborough Stadium, home of Sheffield Wednesday, in the FA Cup Semi-final, resulting in the deaths of 96 Liverpool fans.
1989 – Upon Hu Yaobang's death, the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 begin in the People's Republic of China.
2013 – Two bombs explode near the finish line at the Boston Marathon in Boston, Massachusetts, killing 3 people and injuring 264 others.
***
Births
1367 – Henry IV of England (d. 1413)
1452 – Leonardo da Vinci, Italian painter, sculptor, and architect (d. 1519)
1552 – Pietro Cataldi, Italian mathematician (d. 1626)
1588 – Claudius Salmasius, French scholar (d. 1653)
1641 – Robert Sibbald, Scottish physician (d. 1722)
1642 – Suleiman II, Ottoman sultan (d. 1691)
1646 – Christian V of Denmark (d. 1699)
1646 – Pierre Poiret, French mystic and philosopher (d. 1719)
1684 – Catherine I of Russia (d. 1727)
1688 – Johann Friedrich Fasch, German violinist and composer (d. 1758)
1707 – Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1783)
1710 – William Cullen, Scottish physician and chemist (d. 1790)
1721 – Prince William, Duke of Cumberland (d. 1765)
1741 – Charles Willson Peale, American painter and soldier (d. 1827)
1771 – Nicolas Chopin, French educator (d. 1844)
1772 – Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, French biologist (d. 1844)
1793 – Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve, German astronomer (d. 1864)
1800 – James Clark Ross, English navy officer and explorer (d. 1862)
1809 – Hermann Grassmann, German linguist and mathematician (d. 1877)
1828 – Jean Danjou, French captain (d. 1863)
1832 – Wilhelm Busch, German poet, painter, and illustrator (d. 1908)
1841 – Joseph E. Seagram, Canadian businessman and politician, founded the Seagram Company Ltd (d. 1919)
1843 – Henry James, American-English author (d. 1916)
1851 – Ponnambalam Ramanathan, Ceylon Tamil statesman (d. 1930)
1856 – Jean Moréas, Greek poet (d. 1910)
1858 – Émile Durkheim, French sociologist (d. 1917)
1861 – Bliss Carman, Canadian-American poet (d. 1929)
1874 – George Harrison Shull, American geneticist (d. 1954)
1874 – Johannes Stark, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1957)
1875 – James J. Jeffries, American boxer (d. 1953)
1878 – Robert Walser, Swiss author (d. 1956)
1879 – Melville Henry Cane, American lawyer and poet (d. 1980)
1883 – Stanley Bruce, Australian politician, 8th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1967)
1885 – Tadeusz Kutrzeba, Polish general (d. 1947)
1886 – Nikolay Gumilev, Russian poet and critic (d. 1921)
1888 – Maximilian Kronberger, German poet (d. 1904)
1889 – Thomas Hart Benton, American painter (d. 1975)
1889 – A. Philip Randolph, American activist (d. 1979)
1890 – Percy Shaw, English inventor, cat's eye (d. 1976)
1892 – Theo Osterkamp, German pilot (d. 1975)
1892 – Corrie ten Boom, Dutch-American author and Holocaust survivor (d. 1983)
1894 – Nikita Khrushchev, Soviet politician, 7th Premier of the Soviet Union (d. 1971)
1894 – Bessie Smith, American singer and actress (d. 1937)
1895 – Clark McConachy, New Zealand snooker player (d. 1980)
1896 – Nikolay Semyonov, Russian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
1901 – Joe Davis, English snooker player (d. 1978)
1901 – René Pleven, French politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1993)
1902 – Fernando Pessa, Portuguese journalist (d. 2002)
1904 – Arshile Gorky, Armenian-American painter (d. 1948)
1907 – Nikolaas Tinbergen, Dutch ethologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
1908 – Eden Ahbez, American singer-songwriter (d. 1995)
1908 – Lita Grey, American actress (d. 1995)
1910 – Miguel Najdorf, Polish-Argentinian chess player (d. 1997)
1912 – Kim Il-sung, North Korean politician, Eternal President of North Korea (d. 1994)
1916 – Alfred S. Bloomingdale, American businessman (d. 1982)
1916 – Helene Hanff, American author and screenwriter (d. 1997)
1917 – Hans Conried, American actor (d. 1982)
1917 – James Kee, American politician (d. 1989)
1919 – Alberto Breccia, Uruguayan-Argentinian illustrator and writer (d. 1993)
1920 – Thomas Szasz, Hungarian-American psychiatrist and academic (d. 2012)
1920 – Richard von Weizsäcker, German politician, 6th President of Germany
1920 – Godfrey Stafford, British physicist (d. 2013)
1921 – Georgy Beregovoy, Ukrainian-Russian general, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1995)
1921 – Angelo DiGeorge, American physician (d. 2009)
1922 – Michael Ansara, Syrian-American actor (d. 2013)
1922 – Hasrat Jaipuri, Indian poet and songwriter (d. 1999)
1922 – Joyce Jacobs, English-Australian actress (d. 2013)
1922 – Harold Washington, American lawyer and politician, 51st Mayor of Chicago (d. 1987)
1923 – Artur Alliksaar, Estonian poet (d. 1966)
1923 – Robert DePugh, American activist, founded the Minutemen Organization (d. 2009)
1923 – Douglas Wass, British civil servant
1924 – M. Canagaratnam, Sri Lankan politician (d. 1980)
1924 – Neville Marriner, English violinist and conductor
1925 – George Shuffler, American guitarist (The Bailey Brothers and the Happy Valley Boys) (d. 2014)
1926 – Maurice Shock, British university administrator
1927 – Robert Mills, American physicist (d. 1999)
1929 – Gérald Beaudoin, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 2008)
1929 – Adrian Cadbury, British businessman
1930 – Georges Descrières, French actor (d. 2013)
1930 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, Icelandic politician, 4th President of Iceland
1931 – Tomas Tranströmer, Swedish poet and psychologist, Nobel Prize laureate
1931 – Kenneth Bloomfield, Head of the Northern Ireland civil service
1932 – Suresh Bhat, Indian poet (d. 2003)
1933 – Roy Clark, American singer and actor
1933 – David Hamilton, English-French photographer and director
1933 – Elizabeth Montgomery, American actress (d. 1995)
1933 – Jim Towers, English footballer (d. 2010)
1935 – Stavros Paravas, Greek actor (d. 2008)
1936 – Raymond Poulidor, French cyclist
1937 – Bob Luman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1978)
1938 – Claudia Cardinale, Tunisian-Italian actress
1938 – Hso Khan Pha, Burmese-Canadian geologist and politician
1939 – Marty Wilde, English singer-songwriter and actor
1940 – Jeffrey Archer, English author and politician
1940 – Willie Davis, American baseball player and actor (d. 2010)
1940 – Woodie Fryman, American baseball player (d. 2011)
1940 – Robert Lacroix, Canadian educator
1940 – Yossef Romano, Libyan-Israeli weightlifter (d. 1972)
1940 – Sean Caffrey, Irish actor (d. 2013)
1940 – Robert Walker, Jr., American actor
1941 – Howard Berman, American lawyer and politician
1942 – Francis X. DiLorenzo, American bishop
1942 – Walt Hazzard, American basketball player and coach (d. 2011)
1942 – Kenneth Lay, American businessman (d. 2006)
1942 – Tim Lankester, British educational administrator
1943 – Robert Lefkowitz, American physician, Nobel Prize laureate
1943 – Hugh Thompson, Jr., American soldier (d. 2006)
1943 – Veronica Linklater, Baroness Linklater, British politician
1944 – Dzhokhar Dudayev, Russian-Chechen general and politician, 1st President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (d. 1996)
1944 – Dave Edmunds, Welsh singer, guitarist, and producer (Love Sculpture and Rockpile)
1946 – Pete Rouse, American political consultant, White House Chief of Staff
1946 – Michael Tucci, American actor
1947 – Linda Bloodworth-Thomason, American screenwriter and producer
1947 – Lois Chiles, American model and actress
1947 – Cristina Husmark Pehrsson, Swedish nurse and politician
1947 – Woolly Wolstenholme, English singer and keyboard player (Barclay James Harvest)
1947 – David Omand, British civil servant
1947 – Martin Broughton, British businessman
1948 – Michael Kamen, American composer (d. 2003)
1949 – Alla Pugacheva, Russian singer-songwriter and actress
1949 – Craig Zadan, American director, producer, and screenwriter
1950 – Josiane Balasko, French actress, director, and screenwriter
1950 – Amy Wright, American actress
1951 – Heloise, American journalist and author
1951 – John L. Phillips, American captain and astronaut
1952 – Bengt Gingsjö, Swedish swimmer
1952 – Kym Gyngell, Australian actor
1952 – Sam McMurray, American actor
1952 – Brian Muir, English sculptor and set designer
1952 – Avital Ronell, American philosopher
1952 – Glenn Shadix, American actor (d. 2010)
1954 – Seka, American porn actress
1955 – Dodi Fayed, Egyptian film producer (d. 1997)
1955 – Mark Damazer, British broadcaster
1956 – Michael Cooper, American basketball player and coach
1957 – Evelyn Ashford, American runner
1958 – Keith Acton, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1958 – Noni Ioannidou, Greek model and actress
1958 – Memos Ioannou, Greek basketball player and coach
1958 – Benjamin Zephaniah, English actor, singer, and author
1959 – Fruit Chan, Chinese director, producer, and screenwriter
1959 – Kevin Lowe, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager
1959 – Emma Thompson, English actress and screenwriter
1959 – Thomas F. Wilson, American actor
1960 – Pierre Aubry, Canadian ice hockey player
1960 – Susanne Bier, Danish director and screenwriter
1960 – Pedro Delgado, Spanish cyclist
1960 – Tony Jones, English snooker player
1960 – Philippe, King of the Belgians
1962 – Surjit Bindrakhia, Indian singer (d. 2003)
1962 – Nawal El Moutawakel, Moroccan hurdler
1962 – Tom Kane, American voice actor
1963 – Bobby Pepper, American journalist
1965 – Linda Perry, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (4 Non Blondes)
1966 – Samantha Fox, English singer and actress
1966 – Mott Green, American businessman, founded the Grenada Chocolate Company (d. 2013)
1967 – Frankie Poullain, Scottish bass player and songwriter (The Darkness)
1967 – Dara Torres, American swimmer
1968 – Ed O'Brien, English guitarist and songwriter (Radiohead)
1968 – Stacey Williams, American model and actress
1968 – Ben Clarke, English rugby player
1969 – Jeromy Burnitz, American baseball player
1969 – Kaisa Roose, Estonian conductor
1969 – Jimmy Waite, Canadian-German ice hockey player
1970 – Flex Alexander, American actor
1970 – Chris Huffins, American decathlete
1971 – Kate Harbour, English voice actress
1971 – Katy Hill, English television host
1971 – Meelis Loit, Estonian fencer
1971 – Jason Sehorn, American football player
1972 – Arturo Gatti, Italian-Canadian boxer (d. 2009)
1972 – Lou Romano, American animator and voice actor
1974 – Mike Quinn, American football player
1974 – Keith Malley, American comedian and actor
1974 – Kim Min-kyo, South Korean actor and director
1974 – Danny Pino, American actor
1974 – Douglas Spain, American actor, director, and producer
1974 – Tim Thomas, American ice hockey player
1974 – Gry Bay, Danish actress and singer
1975 – Paul Dana, American race car driver (d. 2006)
1975 – Philip Labonte, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (All That Remains and Shadows Fall)
1976 – Jason Bonsignore, Canadian ice hockey player
1976 – Darius Regelskis, Lithuanian football player
1976 – Kęstutis Šeštokas, Lithuanian basketball player
1976 – Susan Ward, American actress
1976 – Steve Williams, British rower
1977 – Brian Pothier, American ice hockey player
1977 – Sudarshan Pattnaik, Indian sculptor
1978 – Austin Aries, American wrestler
1978 – Milton Bradley, American baseball player
1978 – Tim Corcoran, American baseball player
1978 – Luis Fonsi, Puerto Rican-American singer-songwriter
1980 – Patrick Carney, American drummer (The Black Keys and Drummer)
1980 – James Foster, English cricketer
1980 – Michelle L'amour, American dancer
1980 – Raül López, Spanish basketball player
1980 – Willie Mason, Australian rugby player
1980 – Aida Mollenkamp, American chef and author
1980 – Víctor Núñez, Costa Rican footballer
1980 – Fränk Schleck, Luxembourger cyclist
1980 – Billy Yates, American football player
1981 – Andrés D'Alessandro, Argentinian footballer
1982 – Michael Aubrey, American baseball player
1982 – Anthony Green, American singer-songwriter (Circa Survive, The Sound of Animals Fighting, Saosin, High and Driving, and Zolof the Rock & Roll Destroyer)
1982 – Albert Riera, Spanish footballer
1982 – Seth Rogen, Canadian-American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1983 – Blu, American rapper and producer (All City Chess Club)
1983 – Alice Braga, Brazilian actress
1983 – Matt Cardle, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Seven Summers and Darwyn)
1983 – Dudu Cearense, Brazilian footballer
1983 – Ilya Kovalchuk, Russian ice hockey player
1983 – Bronson La'Cassie, Australian golfer
1983 – Martin Pedersen, Danish cyclist
1983 – Anthony Sedlak, Canadian chef (d. 2012)
1984 – Cam Janssen, American ice hockey player
1984 – Ben Kasica, American guitarist and producer (Skillet)
1984 – Daniel Paille, Canadian hockey player
1985 – Chris Cates, American baseball player
1985 – John Danks, American baseball player
1985 – Ryan Hamilton, Canadian ice hockey player
1985 – Aaron Laffey, American baseball player
1985 – Amy Ried, American porn actress
1985 – Diana Zubiri, Filipino actress
1986 – Tom Heaton, English footballer
1986 – Sylvain Marveaux, French footballer
1986 – Quincy Owusu-Abeyie, Ghanaian footballer
1987 – Iyaz, Virgin Islander singer-songwriter
1987 – Sapphire Elia, English actress and singer
1988 – Thomas Albanese, Italian footballer
1988 – Yann David, French rugby player
1988 – Eliza Doolittle, English singer-songwriter
1988 – Beate Schrott, Austrian hurdler
1988 – Manami Numakura, Japanese voice actress
1989 – Andre Kinney, American actor
1990 – Lily Carter, American pornographic actress
1990 – Emma Watson, British actress
1991 – Daiki Arioka, Japanese actor and singer (Hey! Say! JUMP)
1992 – Amy Diamond, Swedish singer and actress
1992 – Kimberly Dos Ramos, Venezuelan actress and singer
1992 – John Guidetti, Swedish footballer
1992 – Richard Sandrak, Ukrainian-American bodybuilder, martial artist, and actor
1993 – Madeleine Martin, American actress
1997 – Maisie Williams, English actress
***
Deaths
628 – Suiko, empress of Japan (b. 554)
1053 – Godwin, Earl of Wessex (b. 1001)
1220 – Adolf of Altena, German archbishop (b. 1157)
1415 – Manuel Chrysoloras, Greek educator (b. 1355)
1446 – Filippo Brunelleschi, Italian sculptor and architect (b. 1377)
1558 – Roxelana, Polish wife of Suleiman the Magnificent (b. 1500)
1610 – Robert Persons, English priest (b. 1546)
1632 – George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, English politician (b. 1580)
1641 – Domenico Zampieri, Italian painter (b. 1581)
1652 – Patriarch Joseph, Russian patriarch
1659 – Simon Dach, German poet (b. 1605)
1704 – Johannes Hudde, Dutch mathematician (b. 1628)
1719 – Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon, French wife of Louis XIV of France (b. 1635)
1754 – Jacopo Riccati, Italian mathematician (b. 1676)
1761 – Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll, Scottish lawyer and politician (b. 1682)
1761 – William Oldys, English historian and author (b. 1696)
1764 – Madame de Pompadour, French mistress of Louis XV of France (b. 1721)
1764 – Peder Horrebow, Danish astronomer (b. 1679)
1765 – Mikhail Lomonosov, Russian chemist and physicist (b. 1711)
1788 – Giuseppe Bonno, Austrian composer (b. 1711)
1793 – Ignacije Szentmartony, Croatian priest, mathematician, and astronomer (b. 1718)
1854 – Arthur Aikin, English chemist and mineralogist (b. 1773)
1861 – Sylvester Jordan, Austrian-German lawyer and politician (b. 1792)
1865 – Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States, assassinated by John Wilkes Booth (b. 1809)
1888 – Matthew Arnold, English poet and critic (b. 1822)
1889 – Father Damien, Belgian priest (b. 1840)
1898 – Te Keepa Te Rangihiwinui, New Zealand commander
1912 – Victims of the RMS Titanic disaster
Thomas Andrews, Irish businessman and shipbuilder (b. 1873)
John Jacob Astor IV, American colonel, businessman, and author (b. 1864)
Jacques Futrelle, American journalist and author (b. 1875)
Benjamin Guggenheim American businessman (b. 1865)
Wallace Hartley, English violinist and bandleader (b. 1878)
James Paul Moody, English sixth officer (b. 1887)
William McMaster Murdoch, Scottish sailor and first officer (b. 1873)
Jack Phillips, English telegraphist (b. 1887)
Edward Smith, English captain (b. 1850)
William Thomas Stead English journalist (b. 1849)
Ida Straus, German-American businesswoman (b. 1849)
Isidor Straus, German-American businessman and politician (b. 1845)
John Thayer, American cricketer (b. 1862)
Henry Tingle Wilde, English chief officer (b. 1872)
1917 – János Murkovics, Slovene educator and author (b. 1839)
1927 – Gaston Leroux, French journalist and author (b. 1868)
1938 – César Vallejo, Peruvian journalist, poet, and playwright (b. 1892)
1942 – Robert Musil, Austrian author (b. 1880)
1943 – Aristarkh Lentulov, Russian painter and set designer (b. 1882)
1944 – Nikolai Fyodorovich Vatutin, Russian general (b. 1901)
1945 – Hermann Florstedt, German commander (b. 1895)
1948 – Radola Gajda, Montenegrin-Czech general and politician (b. 1892)
1949 – Wallace Beery, American actor (b. 1885)
1957 – Pedro Infante, Mexican actor and singer (b. 1917)
1962 – Clara Blandick, American actress (b. 1880)
1962 – Arsenio Lacson, Filipino journalist and politician, Mayor of Manila (b. 1911)
1963 – Edward Greeves, Jr., Australian footballer (b. 1903)
1967 – Totò, Italian actor, singer, and screenwriter (b. 1898)
1969 – Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg (b. 1887)
1970 – Ripper Collins, American baseball player (b. 1904)
1971 – Gurgen Boryan, Armenian poet and playwright (b. 1915)
1971 – Dan Reeves, American businessman (b. 1912)
1971 – Friedebert Tuglas, Estonian writer (b. 1886)
1974 – Giovanni D'Anzi, Italian songwriter (b. 1906)
1975 – Richard Conte, American actor (b. 1910)
1980 – Raymond Bailey, American actor (b. 1904)
1980 – Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher and author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
1982 – Arthur Lowe, English actor (b. 1915)
1983 – John Engstead, American photographer (b. 1909)
1983 – Corrie ten Boom, Dutch-American author and holocaust survivor (b. 1892)
1984 – Tommy Cooper, Welsh comedian and magician (b. 1921)
1984 – Alexander Trocchi, Scottish author (b. 1925)
1986 – Jean Genet, French author and playwright (b. 1910)
1988 – Kenneth Williams, English actor (b. 1926)
1989 – Nesuhi Ertegun, Turkish-American record producer (b. 1917)
1989 – Charles Vanel, French actor and director (b. 1892)
1989 – Hu Yaobang, Chinese politician (b. 1915)
1990 – Greta Garbo, Swedish-American actress (b. 1905)
1992 – Otis Barton, American diver and actor (b. 1899)
1993 – Leslie Charteris, Singaporean-English author and screenwriter (b. 1907)
1993 – John Tuzo Wilson, Canadian geologist (b. 1908)
1994 – John Curry, English figure skater (b. 1949)
1995 – Harry Shoulberg, American painter (b. 1903)
1998 – Pol Pot, Cambodian politician, 29th Prime Minister of Cambodia (b. 1925)
1999 – Harvey Postlethwaite, English engineer (b. 1944)
2000 – Edward Gorey, American poet and illustrator (b. 1925)
2001 – Joey Ramone, American singer-songwriter (Ramones and Sniper) (b. 1951)
2002 – Damon Knight, American author and critic (b. 1922)
2002 – Byron White, American football player, lawyer, and jurist, 4th United States Deputy Attorney General (b. 1917)
2003 – Reg Bundy, English actor and dancer (b. 1941)
2003 – Erin Fleming, Canadian-American actress (b. 1941)
2004 – Ray Condo, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1950)
2004 – Mitsuteru Yokoyama, Japanese illustrator (b. 1934)
2005 – Margaretta Scott, English actress (b. 1912)
2007 – Brant Parker, American illustrator (b. 1920)
2008 – Sean Costello, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1979)
2008 – Benoît Lamy, Belgian screenwriter and director (b. 1945)
2008 – Krister Stendahl, Swedish bishop, theologian, and scholar (b. 1921)
2009 – Ed Blake, American baseball player (b. 1925)
2009 – Clement Freud, German-English journalist and politician (b. 1924)
2009 – László Tisza, Hungarian-American physicist and educator (b. 1907)
2010 – Jack Herer, American author and activist (b. 1939)
2010 – Michael Pataki, American Actor (b. 1938)
2011 – Vittorio Arrigoni, Italian journalist, author, and activist (b. 1975)
2012 – Paul Bogart, American director and producer (b. 1919)
2012 – Yasushi Mieno, Japanese banker (b. 1924)
2012 – Bob Perani, Italian-American ice hockey player (b. 1942)
2012 – Murray Rose, English-Australian swimmer and actor (b. 1939)
2012 – Rich Saul, American football player (b. 1948)
2012 – Dwayne Schintzius, American basketball player (b. 1968)
2012 – James Shaner, American politician (b. 1936)
2012 – Bob Wright, American basketball player and coach (b. 1926)
2012 – Tadashi Yamamoto, Japanese businessman (b. 1936)
2013 – Sal Castro, American educator and activist (b. 1933)
2013 – Benny Frankie Cerezo, Puerto Rican-American lawyer and politician (b. 1943)
2013 – Richard Collins, Canadian actor (b. 1947)
2013 – Danny Dahill, American lawyer and politician (b. 1919)
2013 – Benjamin Fain, Ukrainian-Israeli physicist (b. 1930)
2013 – Joe Francis, American football player and coach (b. 1936)
2013 – Richard LeParmentier, American-English actor and screenwriter (b. 1946)
2013 – Dave McArtney, New Zealand singer-songwriter and guitarist (Hello Sailor) (b. 1951)
2013 – Scott Miller, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Game Theory and The Loud Family) (b. 1960)
2013 – Jean-François Paillard, French conductor (b. 1928)
2013 – Robert Perloff, American psychologist and academic (b. 1921)
2013 – Cleyde Yáconis, Brazilian actress (b. 1923)
